AccuCount - Published Papers
| AccuCount | Accessories | How it Works | Applications | Published Papers |
| Page 1 | Page 2 | page 3 | page 4 |
| Article No. | Title |
| CLC1021 | Cecal Volatile Fatty Acids and Broiler Chick Susceptibility to Salmonella typhimurium Colonization as Affected by Aflatoxins and T-2 Toxin1 |
| L. F. KUBENA, R. H. BAILEY, J. A. BYRD, C. R. YOUNG, D. E. CORRIER, L. H. STANKER, AND G. E. ROTTINGHAUS | |
 |
Four experiments were conducted using day-of-hatch, mixed-sex broiler chicks to evaluate the effects of aflatoxins and T-2 toxin on cecal volatile fatty acids (VFA) and the susceptibility to Salmonella colonization. All chicks in these experiments were challenged orally with 104 cfu of Salmonella typhimurium (ST) on Day 3. In Experiments 1 and 2, chicks were fed diets containing 0, 2.5, or 7.5 mg aflatoxins/kg of diet and were allowed to develop their microflora naturally. In Experiment 3, all chicks were orally gavaged on the day of hatch with a competitive exclusion (CE) culture (PREEMPT) and were fed diets containing 0, 2.5, or 7.5 mg T-2 toxin/kg. In Experiment 4, the chicks were fed diets containing 0, 7.5, or 15.0 mg T-2 toxin/kg and one-half of the chicks were orally gavaged on the day of hatch with the CE culture. In Experiments 1 and 2, with the exception of increased total VFA at 5 d in chicks fed the 7.5 mg T-2 aflatoxins/kg diet, there were no treatment effects on cecal propionic acid, total VFA, or incidence or severity of ST colonization. In Experiment 3, the only alteration in concentration of cecal propionic acid or total VFA was a significant reduction in total VFA at 5 d in chicks fed the 2.5 mg T-2 toxin/kg diet. No significant treatment differences were observed for numbers of Salmonella cecal culture-positive chicks or for numbers of ST in the cecal contents. |
 |
|
| CLC1022 | Comparison of the Cytotoxic and Mutagenic Potential of Liquid Smoke Food Flavourings, Cigarette Smoke Condensate and Wood Smoke Condensate |
| K. P. PUTNAM, D. W. BOMBICK, J. T. AVALOS AND D. J. DOOLITTLE | |
| |
Although products of pyrolysis are often cytotoxic and mutagenic, the relationship between the type of material pyrolysed and the toxicity of the resulting pyrolysis products is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of several types of common pyrolysis products. The cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of these products were assessed by using neutral red uptake and Ames mutagenicity assays, respectively. The biological activities of four liquid smoke food Pavourings (LSF) were compared with two other pyrolysis-derived materials; cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) and a wood smoke condensate (WSC). Results indicated all of the mixtures exhibited a concentration-dependent cytotoxic response. The CSC and WSC were less cyto-toxic than three of the LSFs, but more cytotoxic than one of the brands. The CSC was mutagenic in two Salmonella strains; however, none of the LSFs or WSC was mutagenic using TA98, and only three of the LSFs were positive with TA100. The six pyrolysis-derived materials evaluated in this study showed differing patterns and magnitudes of cytotoxicity and mutagenicity. |
|
|
| CLC1023 | Effects of Chicken-Derived Cecal Microorganisms Maintained in Continuous Culture on Cecal Colonization by Salmonella typhimurium in Turkey Poults |
| A. G. HOLLISTER, D. E. CORRIER, D. J. NISBET,AND J. R. DELOACH | |
|
A characterized, chicken-derived, competitive exclusion culture of cecal bacteria was evaluated for effectiveness in the reduction of Salmonella typhimurium cecal colonization in growing turkey poults. The culture was administered by crop gavage on the day of hatch. All groups were challenged orally on Day 3 with 104 S. typhimurium. Compared with untreated controls, the percentage of poults that were Salmonella cecalculture-positive at 10 d of age was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in the poults provided culture. Additionally, the culture-treated poults had significantly (P < 0.05) fewer Salmonella per gram of cecal contents than the controls. The results indicated that treatment of turkey poults with the characterized chicken-derived culture effectively decreased Salmonella cecal colonization. |
|
|
| CLC1024 | Elimination by Gamma Irradiation of Salmonella spp. and Strains of Staphylococcus aureus Inoculated in Bison, Ostrich, Alligator, and Caiman Meatt |
| DONALD W. THAYER, GLENN BOYD, JAY B. FOX, JR., AND LEON LAKRITZ | |
|
Abstract TextThere is an expanding industry for the marketing of high- value meats from animals other than the typical domesticated species, including, but not limited to, bison, ostrich, alligator, and caiman. In this study we compared the gamma radiation resistance of a mixture of salmonellae (Salmonella dublin, S. enteritidis, S. newport, S. senftenberg, and S. typhimurium) and a mixture of Staphylococcus aureus strains (ATCC 13565, ATCC 25923, and B124) when present on ground bison, ostrich, alligator, and caiman meats at 5°C. A minimum of five doses were used to establish the D values, and the studies were replicated three times. Because the type of meat did not significantly (P < 0.05) alter the radiation resistance of salmonellae and of S. aureus only slightly in the case of ostrich meat, all of the results for each organism were combined to obtain radiation D values of 0.53 + 0.02 and 0.37 + 0.01 kGy for Salmonella spp and S. aureus, respectively. The authors conclude that both of these food-borne pathogens, if present, can be eliminated or greatly reduced in number, depending upon the level of contamination, from these meats by gamma radiation doses between 1.5 and 3.0 kGy at 5°C, the doses currently approved by the FDA and USDA for the irradiation of poultry. The authors also conclude that similar, if not identical, control of food-borne pathogens should be expected on edible meats in general, not just on those that are generically related. |
|
|
| CLC1025 | Evidence for the transforming activity of a truncated Int6 gene, in vitro |
| SUSAN B RASMUSSEN, EDITH KORDON, ROBERT CALLAHAN AND GILBERT H SMITH | |
|
Int6/eIF3-p48 was first identified as a common integration site for MMTV in mouse mammary tumors. In all cases, the MMTV integration event resulted in an interruption of the normal Int6 transcript from one allele leaving the second allele intact and operative. We hypothesize that insertion of MMTV into Int6 results in a mutated allele that encodes a shortened Int6 mRNA and protein (Int6sh), which either modifies normal Int6 function or possesses a new independent function. To confirm the transforming potential of the mutation and its dominant function, we transfected two mammary epithelial cell lines, MCF10A (human), and HC11 (mouse), with Int6sh under the control of the elongation factor-1a (eEF1A) promoter. Expression of Int6sh in MCF10A and HC11 mammary epithelial cells leads to anchorage-independent growth in soft agar indicative of a transformed phenotype. Colonies selected from agar exhibited high levels of mutated Int6sh and wild type Int6 RNA transcripts by RT±PCR and Northern blot analysis. In addition, Int6sh transformed MCF10A and HC11 cells formed nodular growths, in vivo, in immune compromised hosts. NIH3T3 cells, mouse embryo fibroblasts, were also transformed to anchorage-independent growth in vitro by Int6sh expression. These observations provide direct evidence that the Int6 mutations observed in MMTV-induced tumors and hyperplasia contribute to the malignant transformation of the mammary epithelial cells. |
|
|
| CLC1026 | Genotoxicity assessment of new synthesized acridine derivative— 3,6-diamino-10-methyl-9,10-dihydroacridine |
| TOMASZ FERENC A, EWA JANIK-SPIECHOWICZ B,), WANDA BRATKOWSKA A, DOBROS³AWA £OPACZYNSKA A, HENRYK STROZYNSKI C, ANDRZEJ DENYS D, ANNA MORDALSKA A | |
|
A new synthesized acridine derivative, 3,6-diamino-10-methyl-9,10-dihydroacridine AcrH , was tested for in vitro reverse mutations with Salmonella TA strains, chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges SCE in human lymphocytes, and for in vivo chromosome aberrations in bone marrow of mice. Using the classic plate incorporation method, mutagenicity of AcrH in bacterial cells TA97a, TA98, TA100 and TA102 was observed in the experiments performed with, and without, rat liver S9 metabolic activation. The reverse mutation assay showed no difference in mutagenic activity between AcrH and acriflavine Acr in the test with TA97. The results of in vitro chromosome aberrations assay revealed potential clastogenicity. The test using macroculture of human lymphocytes induced mainly chromatid gaps. The experiments with human lymphocytes revealed SCE-inducing effect of AcrH and Acrq. In an in vivo study, AcrH given intraperitoneally to Balbrc mice did not cause any significant increase in the percentage of cells with aberrations compared to the negative control. |
|
|
| CLC1027 | Antimutagenic effects of natural phenolic compounds in beans |
| ELVIRA GONZALEZ DE MEJÝA, EDUARDO CASTANO-TOSTADO, GUADALUPE LOARCA-PINA | |
|
Polyphenols in fruits, vegetables e.g., flavonols like quercetin and tea e.g., catechins such as epigallocatechin gallate are good antioxidants with antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties. In the present study, the Salmonella typhimurium tester strain YG1024 was used in the plate-incorporation test to examine the antimutagenic effect of phenolic compounds, w x extracted from common beans Phaseolus Õulgaris, on 1-NP and B a P mutagenicity. Dose–response curves for 1-NP and B a P were obtained; the number of net revertantsrplate at the peak mutagenic dosage were 880 for 1-NP and 490 for B a P. For the antimutagenicity studies doses of 0.1 mgrplate and 2 mgrplate for 1-NP and B a P, respectively, were w x chosen. We obtained a dose–response curve of ellagic acid EA against B a P and 1-NP mutagenicity. To test the bean extract, a dose of 300 mgrplate of EA was chosen as the antimutagenic control. The EA and bean extracts were not toxic to w x the bacteria at the concentrations tested. The inhibitory effects of the bean extracts and EA against B a P mutagenicity were w x dose-dependent. The percentages of inhibition produced against B a P 2 mgrplate using 300 mgrplate of EA and for the extracts 500 mg equivalent catechinrplate were 82%, 83%, 81% and 83% for EA, water extract, aterrmethanol extract and methanol extract, respectively. However, for 1-NP mutagenicity, only the methanolic extract from beans showed an inhibitory effect. These results suggest that common beans, as other legumes, can function as health-promoting foods. |
|
|
| CLC1028 | Mutagenic Analysis of Fermenting Strains and Fermented Brine for Stinky Tofu |
| HSUEH-O CHANG, SHU-WAN WANG, JIAN-CHYI CHEN, LEE-FENG HSU AND SHIAW-MIN HWANG | |
|
Stinky tofu, a popular fermented food in Taiwan and South China, is conventionally made by open-type natural fermentation in which the product quality is not easily controlled. The Food Industry Research and Development Institute (FIRDI) in Taiwan has attempted to isolate the major fermenting strains from stinky brine in order to produce stinky tofu that is sanitary and ensure its quality. This study investigated the mutagenicities of isolated fermenting strains and their fermented brine for stinky tofu by two assays: (I) Ames test and (II) mutation assay with human lymphoblast TK6 cells. In the Ames test, the number of revertants of Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 was at the same levels under the dose of fermenting strain lysates (107 cfu/ plate) and 10-fold dilution of the fermented brine compared with the respective control. In the mutation assay with TK6 cells, the same samples were tested and the mutant frequencies were comparable to the respective control. Experimental results provided no evidence of mutagenic activity attributed to the tested materials. |
|
|
| CLC1029 | Protein kinase A-Ia subunit-directed antisense inhibition of ovarian cancer cell growth: crosstalk with tyrosine kinase signaling pathway |
| OÈ ZGE ALPER, NEVILLE F HACKER AND YOON S CHO-CHUNG | |
|
Expression of the RIa subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I is increased in human cancers in which an autocrine pathway for epidermal growth factor-related growth factors is activated. We have investigated the effect of sequence-speciRc inhibition of RIa gene expression on ovarian cancer cell growth. We report that RIa antisense treatment results in a reduction in RIa expression and protein kinase A type I, and inhibition of cell growth. The growth inhibition was accompanied by changes in cell morphology and appearance of apoptotic nuclei. In addition, EGF receptor, c-erbB-2 and c-erbB-3 levels were reduced, and the basal and EGF-stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinase activities were reduced. Protein kinase A type I and EGF receptor levels were also reduced in cells overexpressing EGF receptor antisense cDNA. These results suggest that the antisense depletion of RIa leads to blockade of both the serinethreonine kinase and the tyrosine kinase signaling pathways resulting in arrest of ovarian cancer cell growth. |
|
|
| CLC1030 | Terminal neuroendocrine differentiation of human prostate carcinoma cells in response to increased intracellular cyclic AMP |
| Y.J. BANG, T, F. PIRNIA, W.G. FANG, W. K. KANG, O. SARTOR, L. WHITESELL, M. J. HA, M. TSOKOS, M. D. SHEAHAN, P. NGUYEN, W. T. NIKLINSKI, C. E. MYERS, AND J. B. TREPEL | |
|
Recent clinicopathologic studies have shown that many prostatic andenocarcinomas express focal neuroendocrine differentiation and that neuroendocrine differentiation is most apparent in advanced anaplastic tumors. While studying growthregulatory signal transduction events in human prostate carcinoma cell lines, we found that in two of four cell lines, the androgen-sensitive line LNCaP and the highly metastatic androgenindependent line PC3M, elevation of cAMP through addition of cAMP analogues or phosphodiesterase inhibitors induced a markedly neuronal morphology. Also in LNCaP cells ultrastructural analysis showed that cAMP induced the appearance of neurosecretory cell-like dense-core granules. Phenotypic analysis of untreated LNCaP and PC3M calls shoved that both cell lines express markers of the neural crest including S100, cromogranin A, pp60c-src, and neuron-specific enolase as well as the epithelial marker KSl/4 and stagespecific embryonic antigen 4. In PC3M cells, cAMP markedly elevated neuron-specific enolase protein and caused an increase in the specific activity of the neuroendocrine marker pp60 c-src, and in both cell lines expression of KS1/4 and stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 was down-regulated. In addition to effects on lineage markers, cAMP treatment induced Gl synchronization, growth arrest, and loss of clonogenicity, indicating terminal differentiation. Our data provide direct evidence of plasticity in the lineage commitment of adenocarcinoma of the prostate. |
AccuCount Automated Colony Counter is a registered trademark of BioLogics, Inc.
